Marine scientia

Sounding pipe On board ships large numbers of tanks are present. It is very important to measure and record the amount of fluids in each tank. For this purpose a lot of measuring instruments are present (including automatic). But manually measurements have to be taken to cross check with these values. Sounding is the term used in ships which means taking the measurements of liquid in tanks. Sounding of the tank means height of liquid level from bottom of the tank. Since tank heights are known, it is also possible to know the remaining height of the tank. This is called ullage . Ullage is the remaining height before the tank becomes full. Normally ullage is measured for cargo tanks and fuel oil tanks. The above diagram shows a vertical pipe towards the after end of the tank. This pipe starts from the deck and goes to the bottom of the tank. End of sounding pipe(on deck) is closed using "sounding cap" to avoid flooding of the compartment during bad weathe...

Bulk heads Aft Peak Bulkhead A term applied to the first main transverse watertight bulkhead forward of the stern. The aft peak tank is the compartment in the narrow part of the stern aft of this last watertight bulkhead. Bulkhead Deck The uppermost continuous deck to which transverse watertight bulkheads and shell are carried. Bulkhead Structure The transverse or longitudinal bulkhead plating with stiffeners and girders. Cargo Hold Bulkhead A boundary bulkhead separating cargo holds. Collision Bulkhead Is the foremost main transverse watertight bulkhead. Tank Bulkhead Is a boundary bulkhead in a tank for liquid cargo, ballast or bunkers. Wash Bulkhead It is a perforated or partial bulkhead in a tank. Watertight Bulkhead Is a collective term for transverse bulkheads required for subdivision of the hull into watertight compartments. Margin line Is an imaginary line drawn parallel to and at least 76mm below the upper surface of the...

DOUBLE BOTTOM #All ocean going ships with the exceptions of tankers,and most coastal vessels are fitted with a double bottom which extends from fore to aft . #A double bottom tank is formed by introducing a plate on top of the bottom keel plate.the height of the double bottom tank is 1 to 1.5 metres. #This double bottom forms extra stability and extra protection to the hull. #It is used for carrying ballast,freshwater, fuel oil.structurally double bottom tanks are divided longitudinally as well as transversely into very big tanks which allows different liquids to be carried and may be used to correct the heel of a ship or to change the trim. #access to these tanks are arranged in the form of manhole with watertight doors. #also the double bottom gives extra longitudinal strength to the bottom of the ship where this is most required. as the mass of the cargo acts on the bottom ,this area needs to be the strongest especially when carrying high density cargoes. ...

On the basis of cargo carried, dimensions,etc..ships are classified into: Container ships Bulk carriers Ro-Ro Ferries Passenger ships Offshore vessels Tanker ships Naval ships Fishing vessels Specialist ships Reefer ship Dredgers Container ships A vessel designed specifically for transporting huge quantities of cargo compacted in different types of containers. Types of Container Ships On Basis Of Sizes: Panamax Suezmax Post-panamax Post-suezmax Post-malaccamax The initiation of the container shipping forms in the maritime cargo industry is considered a huge development for the industry. IMO's International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) includes, in its chapter VI on carriage of cargoes , requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units (such as containers) Bulk carriers A vessel which is specifically designed for carrying large quantities of non-pack...

LOAD LINE:- Load Line is a special marking positioned amidships. All vessels of 24 meters and more are required to have this Load line marking at the centre position of the length of summer load water line. For timbre carrying ships seperate loadline are used.because timbre will give extra buoyancy to the ship.so we can load more timbre.so there will be small change in the load line marking. S – Summer :- It is the basic freeboard line at the same level as the Plimsoll Line. Other load lines are marked based on this Summer freeboard line. T – Tropical :- It is 1/48th of summer draft marked above the Summer load line. W – Winter :- It is 1/48th of summer draft marked below the Summer load line. WNA – Winter North Atlantic :- It is marked 50mm below the Winter load line. It applies to voyages in North Atlantic ( above 36 degrees of latitude) during winter months. Ship’s length not exceeding 100 m. F – Fresh Water :- It is the summer fresh water load line. ...